Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a vector-borne disease in India. It occurs every 2-3 years and now the infection rate is increasing 4.2 times that of 2022. Dengue is a disease that is affecting millions of people globally and is experiencing an increasing burden. This rise is partly due to climate change, which expands the habitats of mosquitoes carrying the disease.
Dengue is a public health concern, with 80% of cases without symptomatic, yet still contributing to the spread of the disease. The remaining 20% present symptoms that range from fever to severe conditions like dengue fever shock syndrome characterized by septic shock and organ failure.
Dengue: The Virus
Dengue hemorrhagic fever belongs to the Flavivirus genus. This same family includes viruses like those causing yellow fever, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Dengue exists in four distinct forms.
The Situation of DHF in India
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever was initially documented in India in 1950. During the early years, health officials identified approximately 50 to 100 cases each year until the disease's first major outbreak in 1958 when they reported 2158 positive cases and 300 deaths.
In the starting years, the disease was mainly found in Bangkok and its nearby areas. This dengue primarily affects kids who are 2-6yrs of age.
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Reasons Behind Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Transmission
Several factors contribute to the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in India. In the last 20 years, many demographic and social changes have occurred. People were migrating from the rural areas to the urban area major cities of Bangkok, resulting in uncontrolled urbanization, characterized by inadequate water management systems, which facilitated the breeding of mosquitoes.
HIGHLIGHTS
India’s rainy season is from May-Sep. At this time people are more prone to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF).
The DHF virus is a non-communicable illness that is spread from person to person via mosquitoes.
Symptoms are high fever, flu-like symptoms & rashes on skin.
If you experience any of these symptoms. Consult your doctor
Symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF)
- Pain around the eyes
- High fever (up to 104° F)
- Headache, muscle ache, and neckache
- Fatigue/weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea-vomiting / Diarrhea
- Skin rash
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever(DHF) Management & Mitigation Actions
For the last 10 years, extra focus has been placed on schools as there are high risks for children, who spend their daytime hours at school, these children are more likely to be bitten by Aedes mosquitoes.
Managing Aedes Breeding Grounds by using chemical larvicides kill mosquito larvae in open water containers & chemical spraying or fogging.
By providing general awareness about the danger of DHF and collaborating with the field to remove & eradicate mosquito breeding areas, and guiding self-protection against dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
Providing proven & effective medical care to patients for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) reduces the mortality rate.
Main Factors of the National Dengue Prevention and Control Programme (NDPCP)
The National Plan for Dengue Prevention and Control is comprised of five projects:
(i) Environment improvement to stop the spread of Aedes mosquitoes
(ii) General awareness and health education for the prevention and control of DHF
(iii) Workforce development for carrying prevention of dengue and control efforts
(iv) Technical advancement and enhancement of preventive methods and medical care
(v) Establish an Extended national strategy to prevent and control DHF
CONCLUSION
There don’t seem to be any new requirements require to enhance the control of DHF. The top priorities are controlling the mosquito, general awareness about safety fundamentals against Dengue hemorrhagic fever, and delivering quality healthcare. The main difference between the current program and previous efforts is the active participation of various sectors, particularly those involved in environmental control, rural improvement, local governance, community engagement, and foundational education. All these efforts contribute to the successful implementation of the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) control program.
Frequently Asked Question
Que. Is dengue fever high in India?
Ans. Dengue fever is a worldwide threat in India; however, the risk is typically highest in May to October, with disease activity peaking between July and August.
Que. Do tourists easily get dengue fever?
Ans. Check if dengue is a concern at your place. A traveler’s risk of contracting dengue can grow by engaging in the following activities: spending a lot of time outside and visiting areas where dengue is prevalent during seasons when mosquitoes are more prevalent, like warm weather.
Que. How common is dengue fever in India?
Ans. Dengue is a very common disease in India. In India and Southeast Asia, the doctors are quite familiar with dengue infection. So all hospitals in India can manage dengue cases.
